A Pacific government which has sought to expedite deep sea mining used its UN platform to make a pitch for an industry that is unpopular with ocean peoples.
There's great interest among advocates of the fledgling sector in the polymetallic nodules found on the deepest seabed of the Pacific, but few regional countries are on board.
Nauru's President Lionel Aingimea addresses the UN General Assembly by video link, 23 September, 2021 Photo: UN
Polymetallic nodules are lumps found on the seafloor which are known to contain metals such as manganese, ganesenickel, copper, cobalt and other minerals.
These eagerly sought after materials are integral for lithium-ion batteries and storage, among other uses.
Nauru recently requested that the International Seabed Authority (ISA) complete the adoption of rules in a move that ocean scientists and environmentalists have warned could effectively allow mining to commence within two years and before enough is known about the impacts.
Echoing these concerns, Pacific civil society has repeatedly urged a pause on seabed mining activity.
However Nauru's president Lionel Aingimea told the UN General Assembly that the fledgling sector was a vital component in the fight against climate change.
"Accessing these polymetallic nodule resources is critical to building the clean energy transitions we need, and towards a circular economy.
"These polymetallic nodules are needed to transform big and small countries' energy systems, and support our fight against the climate crisis."
Nauru is one of four Pacific Island countries – also including Kiribati, Tonga and the Cook Islands - who have sponsored exploration activities in the Clarion Clipperton Zone which borders the territorial waters of these countries.
They are going against the grain of the Pacific push for ocean health, a chief advocate of which is Fiji's Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama, who told a conservation event on the sidelines of the General Assembly that his country had banned deep sea mining.
"Humanity is not above nature. We are part of it. And the arrogance of thinking otherwise is costing us dearly," Bainimarama said.
Fiji's Prime Minister, Frank Bainimarama addresses the 76th UN General Assembly by video link. Photo: Fiji Government
"Fiji is committed to the 100 percent sustainable management of the ocean, with 30 percent decared as marine protected areas. We have banned deep sea mining in Fijian waters."
Nauru seeks benefits
According to Aingimea, his country has a right to explore the possibilities of deep sea mining.
"This process will allow Nauru and other developing countries to participate in a new industry, accessing valuable resources in light of a historical context that far too often deprived developing countries from reaping the benefits," he said.
"We look forward to working with ISA members and observers to develop environmental regulations that help ensure any exploitation in sea floor collection operations are conducted safely and responsibly."
But ocean scientists such as Douglas McCauley, the head of the of the Benioff Ocean Initiative at the University of California, Santa Barbara, say there should be a pause on any mining activity until more research is conducted on the farthest depths of the ocean, perhaps the least studied part of the planet.
While there is still much to be learnt, McCauley said the damage risks were high for such a slow-evolving ecosystem as the ocean floor.
While advocates of mining say the seafloor nodules are critically needed for batteries for electric vehicles, McCauley said there was more potential in recycling of old batteries already in the waste cycle, in order to meet renewable energy's demand for metals.
Electric vehicle Photo: Unsplash / Andrew Roberts
NZ government grilled
Development of environmental regulations for seabed mining is also where New Zealand's government is pinning its focus in the ongoing debate around seabed mining.
But its abstention on a recent vote for a moratiorum on seabed mining at the IUCN World Conservation Conference drew plenty of criticism in parliament.
Foreign Affairs Minister Nanaia Mahuta was unapologetic for New Zealand not voting with the majority.
"Our position on that particular motion, alongside the UK, USA, Australia, Canada, France, was set to ensure that we continue to work in a very strong way to build the regulatory framework through the ISA to guide countries in their sovereign determination of deep sea mining," she said.
Photo: RNZ / Samuel Rillstone
New Zealand Māori Party co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer was one of several MPs who grilled the minister on seabed mining.
"What will she say to tagata whenua in Aotearoa and tagata moana across the Pacific who have been consistently opposing this destructive mining of the seabed?" Ngarewa-Packer asked.
In reply, Mahuta doubled down on New Zealand's position that it participates in the ISA to ensure there is a strong regulatory framework to guide the industry.
The wariness of the wider Pacific Islands community over seabed mining is reflected by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme's recent recommendation for a 10-year moratorium on deep sea mining
Meanwhile, with global efforts to increase protection for the deep ocean gaining pace, investors appear to have taken flight from one of the main entities seeking to mine the Pacific seabed, The Metals Company.
Formed out of a merger involving DeepGreen Metals, a company with multiple exploration licenses in the Pacific and close ties to Nauru, the miner has seen its share price plunge this month.
A previous version of this article incorrectly stated that the Cook Islands had issued an exploration license for within its waters.
