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As the transport sector decarbonises and more and more cars and trucks are powered by electricity - energy demand is expected to double in the next 30 years.
At the same time, a growing number of new, renewable electricity generators, are wanting to connect to the national grid, run by Transpower.
But the grid is aging, and was originally designed to take energy from a small number of big generators and get it out to consumers.
So who is responsible for the big picture and coordinating how this country powers itself in a decarbonised future?
Kathryn speaks with Transpower's chairman - Keith Turner - a veteran of the electricity sector and the outgoing Chief Executive of Genesis Energy, Marc England.
